Thank you for visiting this blog and taking an interest in learning more about the fundamentals, mechanics and key elements of baseball with an emphasis on children. The intent of these writings is to provide the interested reader articles, stories and videos related to the developing, young ball player, how to improve their game and make their experience, and yours, memorable and fun for many years.

I welcome your feedback on my posts and hope that I bring a positive influence to your learning experience. I can be contacted at
david@gazellebaseball.com.

Monday, March 29, 2010

Mechanics of Sliding in Baseball

In starting these drills, it is assumed that no one has had formal instruction in sliding, that the players are poor sliders, amateur sliders and even "afraid" to slide. Basic to beginning instruction is finding a comfortable side for sliding, knowing how to land and using the bent-leg slide insuring safety so that injuries do not occur. A few ballplayers will find they are just as comfortable on either side; therefore, they should practice and perfect all their slides from both sides.


Drills and methods used here can be employed with equal success indoors or outdoors. If practicing indoors, use the gym floor with sweatpants and sliding pads over them.  If outdoors, use the outfield grass, preferably wet grass (sprinkle with water beforehand).





In the beginning, use no shoes. Inside, remove sneakers. Outside, remove spikes. Later on as the ballplayer becomes proficient, he can wear his shoes.

When to Slide

1. To avoid a tag.
2. To stop at the base.
3. To break up a double play.
4. To get back to base.
5. Always when play is close.

Length of Slide: 15' or two body lengths from base.

Direction of Slide

1. Sliding to right side, usually use right foot as takeoff foot.
2. Going to left side, use left foot as takeoff.
3. As takeoff occurs, the arms are thrown up, the upper body is extended backwards and the feet forward, all somewhat close to parallel to the ground.

Landing: On buttocks, head up, arms out for balance and toes upward.

Bent-Leg Slide

1. In addition to above, tuck left leg or right leg in a bent position and place under other leg.
2. Use the bent-leg position to teach the beginner to insure that the boy will slide and injury will be avoided.  Thus, he develops confidence and aggressive baserunning techniques.

Other Slides

1. Bent-Leg and Pop-Up

As you slide, place foot of extended leg on base, throw weight back and raise body in one motion. Continue running to next base.

2. Bent-Leg and Breakup Double Play

Raise foot of extended leg to bother footwork of pivot man.

3. Bent-Leg and Hook Slide

Slide right or left of bag three-to-four feet, depending on player's size. When approaching base, bend extended leg (top leg) back, and it will hook bag when sliding by. Remember, the left foot hooks the bag sliding to the right, and the right foot hooks the base sliding to the left.

4. Real Hook Slide

Same landing position as previously discussed; however, both legs remain extended toward the bag. As the bag is contacted, the toe of the inside foot will hook the base and the knee will bend at the same time. The outside foot will continue past the bag and off the ground. On the hook slide, if sliding right, hook with the left foot and leg, keeping the right leg extended and off the ground. If sliding left, hook with the right foot and leg, keeping the left leg extended and off the ground.

Monday, March 22, 2010

Meeting Parent's Expectations on Pitching Their Child

I have had several parents ask me about our expectations as coaches on children that are willing and able to pitch during games. Our roles as coaches are to put each player in positions on the field to succeed individually so the team will have success. It is also our role to ensure the players continue to progress on their baseball skills and get "game ready" for their current level as well as the bigger jump to more advanced League play.


Over the course of the preseason and during the initial phase of the regular season, we have been placing significant emphasis on pitching and would like to get as many players on the mound as possible by the end of the season and prior to playoffs. In order to progress, the players must demonstrate proper form (so as to reduce the risk of injury), mental preparation, and the ability to throw from the mound to the plate with consistency and control to get into a game. I place less emphasis on speed at this age. Speed will come with greater practice and experience. If your son has not pitched yet, please be patient. We continue to work with all the players and ensure their progression.

Tuesday, March 16, 2010

Repetition is Key to Player Development

Rep-e-ti-tion
–noun


1. the act of repeating; repeated action, performance, production, or presentation.
2. repeated utterance; reiteration.
3. something made by or resulting from repeating.
4. a reproduction, copy, or replica.
 
Like most sports, baseball skill development comes through repetition. Good competition is part of baseball growth but the most important thing is for a player to get lots and lots of time at the position they like to play. It doesn't matter if it's rec ball, travel ball or sand lot ball... the more innings they have playing a position the more comfortable and confident they will be playing it.

Sunday, March 14, 2010

Coaching the "Challenging" or Difficult Child in Baseball

Every coach knows that some children are harder to handle and manage than others. Sometimes problems occur because of personality differences between a coach and a child, but there are children with whom any coach, adult or parent would have trouble. The truly difficult child is strong-willed, with powerful needs and unyielding determination, and often intensely curious about every aspect of his surroundings. I don't profess to call myself a behavioral therapist but I have learned some important lessons along the way during my own therapy as a parent that have helped me manage difficult children in youth baseball.

Coaching is not always easy at the best of times but when it comes to dealing with a difficult child the challenges can often seem overwhelming. Whatever the reason for a child's bad behavior, the solution is rarely simple and will involves a great deal of time and hard work.  It is important nonetheless to address it because it can become more out of control and have an effect on the other ball players (and parents).  In fact, several parents have already approached me about the 'spillover' effect and the need to address one player's behavioral actions or words.


The signs of a difficult child are clear to coaches and might manifest themselves as a refusal to accept limits or do what he is told, a very short temper or perhaps even physical violence towards his fellow ball players or even towards you.  Thankfully, the two latter events have not occurred in my role as manager or coach.  My experience has seen more of an oppositional defiant type of behavior.

Regardless of the cause for the behavior such as Asperger's Syndrome, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), autism, insecurities, lack of self-esteem, or poor behavioral mechanics, getting to the root of the problem quickly is important, but not always easy. If there is no obvious reason for the child to behave as he does then the first port of call should be the parents, as well as sitting your player down and having a thoughtful discussion.

You will quickly realize is that you are almost certain to feel both angry and frustrated at your player's behavior and that these feelings can very easily and quickly make an already difficult situation worse. Solving the problem is going to be a process of trial and error and that this may take time and will inevitably meet with both success and failure. Indeed, it is likely to be a slow uphill climb taking two steps backwards for every three steps you take forward.You may need to try various different approaches to teach the player the right way to behave and to show him that his own behavior is wrong and that it adversely affects the players and parents around him.

The way I approach these situations follows the way I have been taught as a parent.  Be patient.  Do not yell.  Show that you are in control.  Provide structure.  Setting boundaries and teaching by example will be extremely important, as will punishing bad behavior. Punishment however is often a problem when it comes to a difficult child as the negativeness only increases the defiance.  Lastly, partner with the child's parents and brainstorm ideas as to how we all can get the player's behavior under control.  After all, there are 11 other children that need to be managed by the coach, not just one.

Friday, March 12, 2010

Attitude, Mental Preparation and Toughness Are Everything

Sports psychologists will agree that attitude, preparation and mental toughness are critical to the development as a player. The game of baseball is not perfect and neither are you.  Accept this fact and remain positive.

Recall what the great Yogi Berra once said, "Ninety percent of baseball is mental, the other half is physical." Now Yogi may have meant many things, but one thing's certain: Attitude and mental preparation are keys to baseball success.
 
A very good baseball player will get three to four hits in every ten bats over their playing career. That means that they will not reach base and make an out seven times in every ten at-bats.  A very good baseball player will strike out against good and sometimes, not so good, pitching. Umpires can make bad calls that will put a batter behind in the count giving the pitcher an advantage or even call you out on a third strike on a bad pitch. Umpires are human and make mistakes. They are a part of the game. A very good baseball player will go to the plate with the attitude that he will get a hit. A batter has three strikes to put the ball in play. A very good baseball player will try to get three good swings at the plate and try to hit the ball hard somewhere. A very good baseball player will strike out getting three good cuts on occasion. It's a part of the game.

As time goes on and pitching gets better, it will happen more often than it does now. A very good baseball player will minimize his strikeouts. A very good baseball player will make mistakes. A very good baseball player will learn from his mistakes and try to not repeat them. The point of this message is that every player will make outs. Every player will make mistakes. Remember, baseball is a game. Have fun! 

Secondly, have a presence of mind.  Work on situational awareness.  Be prepared to play and engage throughout the practice and game.  Be aware of situations.  Where should the ball go?  How many outs?  Anticipate the ball and know where it should go or be thrown.  I always said to myself when I was playing, "I want the ball.  Hit it to me."

Lastly, as you excel in your physical skills, gaining mental toughness becomes a higher priority for your continued improvement.  A very good baseball player will not show his emotions on the field. He will show class and maturity. A very good baseball player will encourage other players when they're not having a good day. A very good baseball player will try to find any way to help his team win. A very good baseball player will never give up!

Pursuing and improving mental toughness and attitude will greatly enhance your performance as a player. It is the one limitless aspect of the game over which you may exert total control. There are four defining attitudes that I like to preach to ball players:

1. Make a committment to be mentally tough


First and foremost you make a definite commitment to becoming mentally tough. By making this decision, you fuel your motivation to develop all your talents.


2. Take responsibility for your actions and thoughts.
Accept your actions, good and bad, and gain control of your thoughts. Take charge!


3.  Thrive on challenges and stay positive.


Adversity is everywhere. Instead of spending your energy trying to avoid the inescapable, thrive on it, be inspired by it, let it challenge you to be your best. Work adversity to your advantage.

4. Make baseball fun.

Learn to enjoy the battle, the struggle, and the journey. Baseball invites you to many great adventures. By enjoying the process, you will grow to be a great competitor.

Thursday, March 11, 2010

Politics in Youth Baseball...Time for Reform

I have been affiliated with baseball for many, many years and have seen the damage as a result of 'politics' and 'gaming the system', especially at the youth level. Why can't we remind ourselves that little league baseball was made for kids.  Grown-ups only screw it up. There are numerous examples that occur on a daily basis.  Winning and losing is more important to coaches and parents than the children. Coaches often play their child or friends' children in certain positions (e.g., pitcher) and are much more tolerant of their mistakes than those of other kids. Selection of an "all-star" team which excludes some kids with excellent statistics and playing abilities in favor of some kids whose parents knew the coaches, were relatives, etc.  It seems to be all about "who you know". On of my personal favorites is the Little League Board member and coach of a team having "special privileges" on dates, times, playing field locations and having an imbalance on homes versus away schedules.  When does it stop?  For what purpose does it serve? It only serves to give Little League baseball and organized youth sports a black eye and a caustic reputation.  No wonder certain parents and their talented children flee from the game and seek refuge with less team-oriented sports like running or tennis.  At least they have greater control of their destiny.

It seems to be human nature that we, as parents, just cannot help ourselves.  In my opinion, true reform will only happen when a League makes changes at the Board level.  This is where it starts and where it must be modified.

The local league Board of Directors, elected from and by the adult members of the league, is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the league within the rules, regulations and policies of Little League. This board is not suppose to have the authority to alter, suspend or change any of the rules, regulations or policies of Little League. However, wide latitude is given to this board in many areas of operation so that the "local needs" (whatever that means) of the community may be met. I would like to see a Board composed of independent membership that have no ties to the league. Only in this manner will decisions be made without consideration to a Board member's child and the affect it will have on their playing time or future.


What are some other ways this can be stopped?

Wednesday, March 10, 2010

When will you allow my son to pitch in a game?

I am in the early part of the regular season with my Little league team and am already facing the challenging questions by parents.  One challenging area, in particular, surrounds pitching and parent's expectations to see their child pitch in a game. 

I realize that every kid that loves baseball has fantasized about being a great pro pitcher and throwing a perfect game. It’s one of those universal American dreams of little boys everywhere. While dreams like these should never be quashed, its important for responsible parents and coaches to teach kids how to pitch a baseball with the correct form and control. Without such guidance, overly enthusiastic children run a real risk of doing damage to their arms, elbows, and shoulder joints when throwing baseballs. They will also end up frustrated and not developing an interest for the game.

I like to give every ball player on the team a chance to develop their pitching skills and test them during games and practices including scrimmages against opponents. The first thing every player needs to learn before he takes the mound to pitch in a baseball game is the correct form. Not only will this give his pitches more power and control, it will also put less strain on the important and vulnerable parts of the body.

There are two big keys for baseball pitchers. First, it must be taught to youngsters that effective and safe pitching is powered mainly by the legs, not the arm. Secondly, the proper form is to train the elbow to lead the hand. The elbow should stay ahead of hand until just before release of the baseball. This takes some practice, but once a child learns to do it without forcing it, he is on the path to better control, more power, and (most importantly) a safe baseball throwing motion.

A good idea is to impress upon the young pitcher that speed is not the top priority in good baseball pitching.  Control is priority. This serves two purposes. First, it will help you slow him down in order to ingrain the proper and safe movements outlined above. Second, its generally easier to build up speed after control is learned when throwing a baseball than it is to learn control after speed.

Lastly, once form and control are learned, repetitions must occur regularly.  Practice makes perfect.  Get out and work with the children on a daily basis. Time spent prior to and after practices and games is just as important as during them.  Coaches can work on their form and control and offer them live experience but we, as parents, need to also work with them on their off time.

Friday, February 26, 2010

Standard Long Toss to Build Strength in Pitchers

Great daily drill for pitchers:

The pitchers start 50 feet apart and gradually back up to a distance just beyond what they can throw in the air. After 10 throws at the maximum distance, the pitchers work their way back. Forty to 50 throws are usually adequate to stretch the arm. However, in the off-season, when a pitcher is trying to develop arm strength, more repetitions are required-up to 100-with one third of those being at the maximum distance.


Unless they are injured, pitchers should long toss at least every other day. In-season pitchers may want to cut down the number of long tosses. Off-season, pitchers should long toss only every other day and increase the repetitions to develop arm strength. Long-tossing, more than anything else pitchers do, increases velocity. It also shortens their recovery time.

Long tossing the day after pitching a game stretches out the arm and helps with blood circulation in the arm. Number of pitches The number of pitches pitchers throw in a game, a scrimmage game, or the bull pen should be carefully monitored by the coach.

Coach's Point:

The drill helps develop arm strength and stretches the players arms out.

Wednesday, February 24, 2010

A Coach's Philosophy

There are several key elements to a coach's philosophy in achieving the goals for youth sports.  I like to be reminded of these elements often and try to see them through the eyes of the children.
  • Be Positive
Players need a patient, supportive coach that can teach and motivate in a positive way. Knowing how to be positive and having the ability to communicate with your players is more important to a successful season than knowing many aspects of the game.

  • Show Them You Care
Each player needs to know that you care for him as an individual and that you believe he is an important part of the team. Take time to talk to all players individually. Try to take interest in what is going on in their life outside of baseball.  Many of my current ball players have complexities in their life and it doesn't hurt to ask simple questions.  You will be amazed as to how little time or energy you need to expend in order to get them talking about the various activities at school or home.

  • Have Fun
Fun is essential for children of all ages. Develop practices that let them do the things they enjoy. It's also important for you to have fun. Create an environment that is structured and varied enough for you to enjoy what your doing. If you're having fun, chances are your players will be having fun also.

  • Emphasize Improvement
Players want to improve and gain new skills. Make sure that you challenge all your players at an appropriate level to foster improvement. This may require that players focus on different skills than other players during practice.

  • Effort versus Results
Don't make the mistake of emphasizing results instead of effort. I've seen and heard coaches who try to motivate players by offering rewards. This could be money or candy for getting a hit or getting on base. This focus on results puts additional pressure on the player to perform. This can be especially difficult for the less skilled player.

  • Organization And Discipline
Children quickly pick up on a coach that is unorganized and doesn't communicate his expectations. If you don't establish certain rules and don't follow up with an appropriate punishment if the rules are broken, you will quickly lose control of your team. I always have a rule about talking when I'm talking during practice. I expect when I'm explaining something that the players will have their eyes on me and pay attention. For example, I recall the first practice I held this year.  One of the 11 year olds started to speak over me and attempted to assert himself and explain why he did or didn't need to follow what I was saying.  His legs were then given a workout!  After this day, the same player and his teammates are remarkably quiet when I speak.

  • Players Learn By Doing
Remember this simple phrase: 'You hear, you forget. You see, you remember. You do, you understand."  This is the same methodology used for Medical School and Residency.  "See one. Do one. Teach one." Often coaches try to teach players a skill by talking about it. The younger the player the less effective it will be. Give a quick explanation while you show them the skill you want them to perform. Then have them do it.

  • Attitude And Effort
Coaches that believe winning is the everything have only one direction to take the team...down. Everyone wants to win, but when the main goal is winning, a really good season can be lost. If on the other hand you emphasize attitude and effort, a successful season can be had without a league championship. Winning games really will take care of itself if you prepare the team to play hard and always give their best effort.

  • Sportsmanship
The idea of sportsmanship seems to be lost on many youth players. The fact is, sportsmanship must be taught. If children watch professional sports then their idea of sportsmanship may be to trash talk, spike the ball in the opponents face, or to mimic some other visual statement that demonstrates their superiority. As a coach, it's important that you teach the value of sportsmanship. I want my team to show joy when they make an exciting play, but not at the expense of the player on the opposing team. I want my players to always show the other team respect. Your leadership is the best way to get this across to your players. Interact with the players on the other team. Compliment them when they make a good play. Show your players that you appreciate the other team and the opportunity to play against them.

  • Dealing With Parents
Dealing with parents might be the most difficult part of being a coach. Research suggests that it's the single biggest reason that coaches quit. It's a common problem, but one that can be difficult to solve. In my experience as both a coach and a parent I have found some common mistakes that coaches make that can bring on the wrath of a parent along with some ways to deal with a parent that is causing you grief.  For example, conducting a parent meeting can alleviate many problems encountered in the future.  Expectations are set.  Another way is to get parents involved.  Make them feel accountable.If a parent makes it to practices, have them help by working with some of the children. They may soon find out that coaching is more difficult than it looks from the bleachers.

  • Be Consistent
Stating your philosophy is one thing; implementing it consistently is another. Make sure you make rules for your team that you can follow up with.

Sunday, February 21, 2010

Sportsmanship and Honor of the Game

Two very important concepts to educate children on are sportsmanship and honor.  What does it mean to you to be a good sport? Wikipedia and other on-line resources define sportsmanship as an aspiration or ethos that the activity will be enjoyed for its own sake, with proper consideration for fairness, ethics, respect, and a sense of fellowship with one's competitors. Being a "good sport" involves being a "good winner" as well as being a "good loser".

Sportsmanship is important, but in order to get the most out of this season, it is also important to honor the game. Honor is the evaluation of a person's trustworthiness and social status based on that individual's espousals and actions.

Some coaches and mentors will use the principle of "Honoring the Game" and going to the "ROOTS" of the matter.  Each letter in ROOTS stands for an important part of the game that we must respect.

The R stands for Rules. The first O is for Opponents. The next O is for Officials. T is for Teammates, and the S is for Self.

R is for Rules. The rules of the sport are what allow us to keep the game fair. Respect for the rules is important, even when it’s possible to break them without getting caught. I want you to play by the rules, even if you think you won’t get caught if you break them. Breaking the rules dishonors the game, even if it means that we win.

O is for Opponents. Without opponents, we could have no game. A good opponent makes us do our best. Sometimes your opponents are friends of yours. I want you to respect your opponents, and remember they are out there to have fun just like us. I want you to try your hardest to win, not because you hate your opponent, but because you want to play your best. I promise that I will show respect for opposing coaches and teams, and I expect you to do the same.

O is for Officials. It is very important to respect officials. Often, this can be the most difficult part of Honoring the Game, so we need to remember to keep it as a focus when we play. Officials have been selected and trained to enforce rules, and they have a very hard job. Without the officials the game would be unsafe and unfair. Officials are not perfect (just like coaches, athletes and parents!) and sometimes make mistakes. However, there is no excuse for treating officials with disrespect when they make errors. I want you to show respect for officials, even when you disagree with the call. I promise to do the same thing.

T is for Teammates. A big part of sport is the team. Being with your teammates should be fun. Later in life you will often be part of a team, and it is important to learn to work together. I hope you feel a commitment to each other as teammates and that you will agree to always play as hard as you can in practice and games. Please encourage and support each other on and off the playing field.

S is for Self. Some people only Honor the Game when their opponents do, but I want you to Honor the Game no matter what the other team or its fans do. I want us to be the kind of team that Honors the Game even when others aren’t because we set our own internal standards. And we live up to them no matter what. We have so much respect for ourselves that we would never do anything to dishonor the game.

So we, as coaches, must have a "T.E.A.M. — Teach, Enforce, Advocate and Model" approach. These four elements should guide the design of all elements of programs to promote sportsmanship and foster good character as well as guide interactions with players, parents, coaches, officials and spectators.

Goals for recreational ball are different than competitive play

Most, if not all, Little League Programs are considered recreational programs. Equal emphasis should be placed on sportsmanship, teamwork, learning, fun and competition. Managers and coaches need to respond to all players, regardless of ability, in a positive and calm manner. Many children drop out of recreational youth sport programs because of managers and coaches who place too much emphasis on competition and who are less than patient with players who are not at the top of the game.  As the players start to switch over to more advanced levels and leagues, the emphasis on competition increases.  In addition, youth sports offers teachable moments, life lessons that help children succeed in sports and throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should define “winning” not in terms of the scoreboard but by focusing on the bigger picture of their children’s efforts and learning life lessons. Please keep in mind the goals and make it enjoyable for all concerned.

Saturday, February 20, 2010

Need to work on hitting or the field is too wet? Play a Game of Stickball

One game I love to play with children is a game of stickball played on asphalt.  I implement the game for three reasons.  Primarily, I like to play when the fields are too wet to play on and would like the children to get swings.  Secondly, I like to have the ball players work on their hand-eye coordination in trying to hit a smaller ball with a thinner bat.  Lastly, the children love it!  It brings out their competitive juices.

Stickball is a street game related to baseball, usually formed as a pick-up game, in large cities in the Northeastern United States (especially New York City and Jersey City). The equipment consists of a broom handle and a rubber ball.  I like to use racquet balls.  There are no gloves used.  There are three outs per inning and a game is 6 innings in length.  The rules come from baseball and are modified to fit the situation, i.e., use chalk on asphalt to mark the bases or use buildings for foul lines. This game was widely popular among Irish, Italian, Jewish, and Puerto Rican youths growing up from the 1920s to the 1980s in Boston, Philadelphia, New York City and Northern New Jersey.


There are several forms of stickball but in the game I like to play, the batter bounces the ball in front of them at the plate and attempts to hit the ball.  Each batter gets only one swing.  If you swing through without hitting the ball, you're out.  Any ball that is hit foul is considered an out.  Any ball that does not get hit beyond a certain line (usually 25 feet from home plate) is considered an out.  There are no overthrow rules.  That said, runners can keep running until the defensive players, playing without gloves, stop the runners from running the bases. 

Balls hit off of cars or buildings or other structures that are in fair territory are considered in play.  Balls hit either over a fence line or beyond a certain distance (if no fence exists) is considered a homerun.  In some leagues, if the ball lands on a roof, porch or breaks a window far away it is usually ruled a home run.

Coach's Point:
I love this game because it keeps the players interested and having fun.  In parallel, the players are tested in the skills to hit a small ball with a thin bat.  It is harder than you think it is if you have never played before.  It can be frustrating.  But, I have never encountered a child that has not loved the game.

Friday, February 19, 2010

Dear Coach, Please be my role model

It doesn't matter if you're coaching tee ball, minors, major, high school or at the college level, you're probably the most important role model that your players have during the season. Players are going to look to you not only for guidance and instruction, but they will be watching and listening to how you react to every situation.  They will notice your demeanor as the umpire makes a questionable call on the field or a parent makes a inappropriate remark. A coach can be one of the most influential people in a young players life, now and as they develop into adults.

Many players and former players attribute a large portion of their success in life to the things they learned on the baseball field and from a few great coaches. I was very fortunate to have several mentors during my athletic career and recall all the important lessons and the roles they served.  They were the ones that taught me teamwork, perseverance, work ethic and having a positive attitude. Skills that not only helped them on the baseball field but helped them in life. 


Lastly, many coaches think only of the present year and time but they can help instill a love for the game that can last a lifetime. Good coaches can keep players interested in continuing to participate from year to year and coming back for more.  Collectively, these define my views of a role model and why we, as coaches, exist.

Aspirations of the Youth Player

We, as parents and coaches, need to keep in mind that youth sports are for children, not us. And I find it helpful to remind myself that all children are different and participate in sports for a variety of reasons. The reasons vary by age and personality. Obviously the high school player is going to have different reasons for playing than a 9 year old. Unfortunately, parents and coaches often don't recognize what the children want to get out of the sport. There are some common themes that apply at all levels including having fun, friendships, action, excitement, competition, variety and having a sense of organization, building skills and communication.


To me, children don't want to play if it's not fun and there is not a sense of enjoyment and fulfillment. Again, consider the personality and age of the player. A high school pitcher may think it's fun to practice as hard as he can in order to be successful. The competition is what's fun. For the 9 year old, the competition isn't as important. They are more interested in the action, excitement of playing and hanging out with friends rather than being cooped up in a house focusing on homework. Winning and losing most often means a lot more to the coach and parents than it does to the children.

All children want to be accepted and liked by their peers. Playing on a team gives children the opportunity to form friendships and interact with other children in a setting other than school. The team gives the individual child a group identity and a common purpose. It’s fun sharing the experience with their friends. Many children will only play because their friends are playing. This often is the main driver for involvement.

There is a certain faction of people that hold the belief that organized sports are boring to children. I disagree with this “blanket” statement because I believe it depends on the coach, manager and parents to incorporate variety and games to make the sport routine more enjoyable. When one child is hitting and the rest of the team is in the field shagging balls, you may have taken the fun out of the sport but it should allow you to see opportunity in making it more enjoyable. Try conducting many simultaneous or parallel stations to work on skills.

Boy, it would certainly be nice to still be living in an age when I grew 20-30 years ago in Western New York when your child could head off to the local sandlot or asphalt surface and meet his buddies for a game of baseball or stickball. The reality is that today’s parents won't allow it without supervision. Sometimes, organization can kill the fun. Children want variety and action. This is one reason why I incorporate games of stickball into my practice sessions and I stay out of the way of the “game” being played. The children want to develop different skills and they want to run around and have fun. A practice that keeps them moving, playing games, learning, and has a variety of activities, provides an environment that children will enjoy.

Children also love learning new skills. Case in point, just watch the smile and excitement on a kid’s face after making contact for the first time or catching a ball for the first time. As their skill level improves, the challenges must also increase. If they are not challenged, they will lose interest. This also can apply to adulthood activities!

Competition is likely the least favorite reason that children participate in sports. They don't enjoy competing against their peers, for the most part. I realize there are exceptions. Many children simply don't like the increased pressure of the competition that they feel from coaches and parents. It's that increased pressure that can take away from the enjoyment of the sport. From a parental standpoint, learning how to deal with competition and disappointment is important. However, please temper your enthusiasm and ensure that children aren't “pushed” into highly competitive situations where they either feel the pressure to perform or are not ready.

That said, it is important as a coach and parent that you realize that there are a variety of reasons that children play sports. Finding out what motives your child and players will help you develop a plan for the season that fits in with their desires. Congruity must exist. You’ll soon discover that your methods will provide a rewarding season.

Thursday, February 18, 2010

Complexities of Coaching Your Own Child


I have no magic answers or solutions to managing or coaching your own child in youth sports.  I often struggle.  What I do know and try to implement is that it is important to check your expectations, appropriately manage the situation and try as best you can in dealing effectively with the inherent complexities and challenges that you face.

Let's be honest, there are many reasons parents get involved coaching children.  These reasons include a love for the game, a long playing background as I had, a desire to give something back or sometimes it's simply that there are no other volunteers. Another reason, and probably the most prevalent to many of us, is the desire to coach your own children. Most of us want to spend quality time with our kids doing something that we enjoy and helping a community need. As most parents, we want our children to be successful on the field and in the interaction with their teammates. Our goals for our children aren't much different from the other parents of kids on the team, but there is a difference in the role we play. As a coach we have taken on a different role with our child and that role of coaching children doesn't always fit squarely with our other role of supportive parent.

I remembered what it was like to be a high school, college and semi-pro player. I remember how baseball instilled in me a number of values that I believe helped me in school, in life, and in athletics. Dedication, hard work and perseverance were just a few of the important things that I learned while playing. These are the life skills that I hope my children will also learn as they grow and I believe athletics provides a great opportunity to learn.

When I look back at myself at 9 years old, hard work wasn't in my vocabulary. I played baseball for the pure joy of it. I didn't "work" on anything or focus my attention on skills and drills.  My natural talent took over. I played and improved because I played a lot and had a good time. Lately, as I watch my son in practice, I see that he isn't concerned about his swing or his throwing mechanics or other skill set to focus on to make the incremental leap to Majors. He plays hard and is mainly concerned about having a good time and playing with his teammates. Baseball is exactly what it is supposed to be for a 9 year old.  Fun.

At times, I have an inability to take off my coaching hat and just have fun together as father and son. You can't force children to be dedicated.  I need to remind myself often.  They have to learn it and I must ensure there is space to learn it. Sports provide opportunities to learn many lessons including positive thinking, respect for coaches, umpires, teammates, and the rules, dealing with winning and losing, teamwork and leadership.

So what is best or the recommended approach? What I have learned is the following guidance:

Please evaluate your reasons for coaching and check that they include: helping all athletes succeed, building sportsmanship and positive competitive drive, honing skills and raising competence, creating memories of fun, connectedness and confidence that carry over into lifelong fulfillment. You must not play favoritism. Your child must be treated the same as the others. If his attitude or behavior needs to be addressed, do not ignore it. Rather, address it in a firm, controllable manner. It will send important signals to the other players that you are in charge.

On a positive note, I feel that I possess and follow many of these goals and tenets as a Coach. However, I also feel that I need further work to improve upon my inabilities to deal effectively with my own child.  Bottom line, it is hard to accomplish. Don't fool yourself.  One thing I do know is that I am coaching for the right reasons,  I have so much to offer for children.  I learned from great coaches and a supportive Dad and it is time to give back without regret.

By the way, I am finally realizing what my dad went through as he coached me in Little League. This must be my penance.  He told me this day would come.  Thanks Dad for your love, support and patience.  I'll try to demonstrate the same values to my children.

Outfield Relay Drill to 3B and Home

This is a modified version of the Outfield Drill where the players threw the ball into a barrel. This is great drill work on developing accuracy from the outfield and in hitting the cut-off player for a relay to either 3B or Home.

Separate the group into three groups (right field, 2B/SS and 3B).  Position all outfielders in a single line in right field. Hit fly balls or grounders to the outfielder and have them throw the ball to the relay player at 2B (or SS) and they, in return, throw to 3B. Rotate the players (outfield to 2B, 2B to 3B, 3B to outfield).  You can incorporate throws to Home as well.
Coaches Point:

The main objective for this drill is to work on improved throwing accuracy, direction and hitting the relay player. Arm strengthening is another goal making the players more effective and confident with their throws.

Wednesday, February 17, 2010

Run Around Drill

The object is to run around the bases starting at 1st before the infield can throw around the bases. There is a catcher, 1b, 2b, ss, and 3b. Runner starts on 1st. Coach hits a grounder to 2b and the runner starts running. 2b throws to 3b, 3b throws to 1b, 1b throws to ss and ss throws to c trying to get the runner. Then another runner can start again.

Rotate fielders clockwise occasionally and incorporate runners into fielding positions.

Coach's Point:

Good overall drill for throwing and baserunning.

Modified Around the Horn Drill

Start with two catchers, one of them behind the plate with everyone else in the third base coaches box and one other player on first base. The second catcher is the last person in line at third base. The first fielder takes the third base position and fields a ground ball throwing the ball to first base and then sprints to second base while the player at first throws home. The catcher catches the ball and throws down to second base to the player who was just playing third base. The ball is then thrown back to first and then home. The person at first base runs behind the field and gets at the end of the line at third base. The player at second now runs to first and becomes the first baseman for the next fielder. The next player in line now takes the third base position and the drill is repeated.

Proceed all the way through the order until the second catcher (last in line) occupies first base. After the last throw home the second catcher takes the place of the first catcher and goes through the order.

Coach's Point:

This can be done very quickly and everyone gets an opportunity to experience situations at all three bases. It's also a great drill for figuring out positional strengths in young teams.

Infielding "Hit the Bucket" Drill

Split the team into to equal groups with one group lined up at SS and the other group at 2B. Stack two buckets one on top of the other on home plate. Coach will start the competition on the left side hitting ground ball to each of the players one at a time. The player then makes a throw home trying to hit the bucket. The player gets 3 points for knocking the top bucket off, 1 point for hitting either bucket on a bounce and subtract 1 point for a fielding error. Go through all of the players at SS and total the points. Follow the same drill for the players at 2B. Players switch positions and continue the drill. As players develop throwing accuracy it actually goes pretty quick. This drill encourages the players to charge the ball (shorter throw to home).
 
Coach's Point:
 
This is a great drill for keeping the competitive juices going and working on fielding and throwing accuracy.

Infielding "Fill the Bucket" Drill

Players take their position at 1B, 2B, SS, and 3B. There are two coaches at home plate, each with a bat and a bucket of balls. There is an empty bucket at each base. The drill consists of three rounds.

Round 1 - Coach #1 hits 1/2 bucket of grounders to 3rd baseman who field and throws to 1st baseman who puts balls in empty bucket. At the same time, Coach #2 hits 1/2 bucket of grounders to shortstop who fields and throws to 2nd baseman covering 2B, who puts balls in empty bucket. Next, coaches turn and Coach #1 hits other 1/2 of bucket to 1st baseman who fields and throws to 3rd baseman who puts balls in empty bucket. At the same time, Coach #2 hits other 1/2 of bucket of ball to 2nd baseman who fields and throws to shortstop covering 2B, who puts balls in empty bucket. Players then bring in buckets and refill coaches' buckets.

Round 2 - Coach #1 hits 1/2 bucket of grounders to 3rd baseman who fields and throws
to 2nd baseman covering 2B. At the same time, Coach #2 hits 1/2 bucket of grounders to shortstop who fields and throws to 1st baseman. Next, Coach #1 hits other 1/2 of bucket to 1st baseman who fields and throw to shortstop covering 2B. At the same time, Coach #2 hits other 1/2 of bucket to 2nd baseman who fields and throws to 3rd baseman. Players refill coaches' buckets. (make sure that corners play up and middle infielders plays back during this round to avoid anyone getting hit with throw).

Round 3 - Coach #1 hits 1/2 bucket of grounders to shortstop who fields and throws to 3rd baseman. At the same time, Coach #2 hits 1/2 bucket of grounders to 2nd baseman who fields and throws to 1st baseman. Next, Coach #1 bunts other 1/2 buckets to 3rd baseman who fields and throws to shortstop covering 3rd base. At the same time, Coach #2 bunts other 1/2 bucket to 1st baseman who fields and throws to 2nd baseman covering 1st base.

Coach's Point:
It's a great drill that takes less than 15 minutes and each of the infielders get about 40 grounders, throws, and catches.

Monday, February 15, 2010

2-1 Count or 2-2 Count Scrimmage

To increase the pace of a scrimmage and teach the players to be more aggressive at the plate in hitting, accelerate the pitch count to either 2-1 or 2-2.  Divide the team into two teams.  Every batter starts with either 2 balls and 1 strike or 2 balls and 2 strikes.

Coach's Point:

Because of the advanced count, pitchers must be aggressively throwing strikes and hitters are compelled to swing the bat.  Quick pace to this drill.  Hitters get more at bats and pitchers face more hitters.

Seven Position Scrimmage

It is important to experience all positions as a young player.  Divide the team into two squads and play a seven inning game.  Pitchers and catchers play their normal posiiton throughout the game but the other players will switch positions each inning.  After the first inning, the first baseman goes to 2nd base, the 2nd baseman goes to shortstop, the shortstop goes to 3rd base, the 3rd baseman goes to left field, the left fielder goes to centerfield, the centerfielder goes to right field and the right fielder goes to 1st base.

Coach's Point:

This drill allows the players to develop as complete players and demonstrate their skills for the game.  Players gain a new appreciation for the challenges at each position.

Baserunning Relay Race

Young players rarely practice this drill.  Divide the teams in two groups.  Place Team One at home plate and those from Team Two at second base.  Before the race begins, demonstrate the correct path to run around the bases.  Use cones if necessary to outline the correct path.  The first runner carries a ball.  As soon as he reaches his last base around, he hands off the ball to the second player and so on until all players have completed running the bases.

Coach's Point:

Competition and children are one in the same!  Children love these drills.  The drill simulates the pace that they will likely run in games.  Practice proper turns, correct running form and cutting angles.  Wide truns will increase running times.

Hitting Drill: One-Handed Hack

The hands work as one unit in hitting with two hands.  But when you break down each hand, they each have a specific purpose.  This drill will allow hitters to learn the role of each hand and how it contributes to a fundamentally sound swing.

Set up the hitter for soft tosses against a fence or in the batting cage.  Lightly toss the ball in front of the hitter.  The hitter takes his stance and positions himself to hit balls directly into the fence or net.  The hitter chokes up on the bat and uses his top hand only.  After a series of balls, switch to the other hand.

Coach's Point:

Learning the individual roles of the top and bottom hands allows hitters to feel what each should contribute.  To hit the ball successfully, the hands must fire the barrel of the bat directly to the ball.

Infield Drill : Around the Horn

One of the best ways to practice throwing the base from base-to-base i to throw the baseball "around the horn".  This is a game for catchers and infielders.  Divide the the players into teams of four (4) with one fielder at each base and a catcher at home.  Beginning with the catcher, the players must throw the ball clockwise.  After four trips around around the "horn", the direction is reversed so that the ball is going in a counterclockwise fashion.  Teams are awarded one point for each base the ball travels successfully without being overthrown or hitting the ground.

Coach's Point:
The drill is to help players with catching, throwing and quick efficient transfer of the ball from the glove to hand and working as a team.  Adding competitive element increase the children's attention and spirit.

Friday, February 12, 2010

Fielding Drill Using a Catcher's Glove

A great way to develop an infielder in using his hands and having them work together is to have them use a catcher's glove.

Each player should field about 20-30 infield grounders while wearing a catcher' glove.  Work both right and left sides.  Hit slow rollers that he must charge, field and throw to first base.

Coach's Point:

It is much harder to field balls using a catcher's glove.  it is bulky and has a smaller pocket.  This drill will build fundamental skills such as using their throwing hand to gather the ball into the glove.  The player must develop precision to gather the ball into the pocket.

Catcher Drills and Skills



Catching instructor Joe Wilkins (www.joewilkinscatching.com) exhibiting some receiving drills and skills at The Baseball Academy.

Goalie Drill for Catchers and First Baseman

Here's a drill to make your catchers and first basemen more proficient at handling those balls in the dirt:

Provide a net or backstop.  Make sure that catchers have all their protective gear on and are wearing a protective cup.  Throw balls to the catcher, alternating between pitches in the air and in the dirt.  Test the catcher on both sides as well as between the legs.  I would not recommend performing the drill without protective equipment!  You can turn this drill into a game of hockey goalie.  Try to score on the catcher.

The process for the first basemen is much the same. Work on player technique emphasizing the need to stop the ball from getting past him.

Coach's Point:

Performing this drill correctly will keep opponent's from scoring extra bases and runs.

5-Point Team Grounders

Divide your players into groups of 5.  If you don't have enough players, supplement with coaches.  Position each player such that each player represents the point on a start.  No one player should be closer than 40 feet from another.  Each group gets a ball.  The drill starts when the player with the ball rolls a grounder to the player two positions to his left.  This player then rolls a grounder to the player two positions to the left, and so on.  You can go counterclockwise as well.  You can also make it more challenging by incorporating short hops or rapid throws (such as turning a double play).

Coach's Point:
The drill is ideal for exposing the players to maximum number of ground balls or touches in the shortest period of time.  Fielding ground balls must become routine for all players.

Wide Receiver Drills for Outfielders

One of the toughest skills for young players to learn is catching fly balls while running.  The best way I found to teach to skill is taking a page from the game of football.

Position the players in two groups facing each other about 60 yards apart.  You will require two coaches.  One coach can throw to half the group (Group 1-on right field line facing centerfield).  The other coach takes the second group (Group 2- in centerfield facing right field).  Each player should have a ball.  The first player in Group 1 hands the ball to the coach and then begins to sprint.  The coach will throw the ball up and over the head of the ballplayer (like a wide receiver) and ask the player to catch it.  After catching the ball, they go to the end of the line for Group 2.  Group 2 should repeat the same drill and go to the end of the line for Group 1.  I like to perform this drill for 10-15 minutes.  You can pick up the pace in order to work in conditioning.

Coach's Point:
The drill yields several benefits.  First, the players learn how to catch the ball on the run.  Secondly, the players can condition their bodies without the monotony of routine running drills.  Third, it provides the players with exposure to different flight paths than it is using a fungo bat.  Make it competitive.

A trait shared by the good ballplayers is their ability to get a jump on the ball and running hard to the spot where the ball is likely to land.  Some think it is instinctive and inherent in the good players.  Others do not.  I think it is the result of repetition, hard work and desire.

Thursday, February 11, 2010

Outfield Drill: Baseball in the Barrel

This is a great drill work on accuracy from the outfield.  A strong accurate throw will stop the opponent's running game and reduce the number of extra bases they will attempt to acquire from you.

Position all outfielders in a single line in right field.  Put a barrel on its side on third base and at home plate.  Make sure the openings of the barrel face the right outfielders.  Hit fly ball or grounders to each player and have them attempt to throw the ball into the barrel.  The ballplayers should try to pick out a target area where the ball should land before bouncing to the barrel.  Points are awarded for the ball ending up in or even around the barrel.

You can also incorporate a cut-out man from the infield.  Have the infielder take a relay from shallow outfield and make the throw into the barrels.  Move the layers to different locations in the outfield to keep the game interesting.

Coaches Point:

The main objective for this drill is to work on improved throwing accuracy, direction and trajectory.  Arm strengthening is another goal making the players more effective and confident with their throws.

Mechanics of Rotational versus Linear Hitting


There are really only TWO methods of hitting. A hitter is either Linear or he/she is Rotational with their swing mechanics. Now both techniques have elements of the other in them. Linear has some rotational and Rotational has some linear. The fact that each has elements of the other makes all of the other "techniques" or really names that people are calling baseball swing mechanics simply irrelevant and fictitious.


So let's define the Rotational Swing and the Linear Swing:


A rotational hitter establishes a stationary axis with the dropping of the front heal and with the front leg and they rotate around that stationary axis. This hitters "stays back" with their upper body. The head and chest do NOT come forward. They a very steady and do not lunge forward in the direction of the pitcher. You will occasionally see this happen is when a hitter is completely fooled by a pitch and they break through their axis lunging forward in an awkward attempt to make contact. So the rotational hitter rotates around a stationary axis and stays back.
The linear hitter does not establish a stationary axis and they do not stay back. The linear hitter continues moving forward throughout their swing in a straight forward (linear) movement finishing their swing out over the top of their front foot or even slightly forward of it. The linear hitter typically swings in a downhill plane while the rotational hitter is typically taught to swing on the plane of the pitch because those swing planes match each technique. A linear hitter trying to swing on the pitch plane is very awkward and doesn't work well with all of the moving parts of this technique. Likewise, the rotational hitter swinging on a downhill plane is also an awkward unproductive swing.

Baserunning Conditioning Drill

This drill is used to help condition players and to increase their running speed.  It comes from Coach Kenny Buford.
How it Works:
All players line-up at home plate. The coach will blow the whistle to signal the first player in line should begin. Once the first player gets a third of the way to first then the whistle should be blown and the next player should begin. This should continue until all the players are running around the bases.

The players should change their running style at each base.

From home to first the players should be kicking their butt. They should be kicking up their heels and kicking their butts with their heels. The goal isn’t to go fast from home to first. The goal is to kick their butt as many times as possible.

From first to second, the players should be running with high knees. They should be kicking their knees up so that their knees come up above their waist. Again, the goal isn’t to go fast from first to second; the goal is to kick up the knees as many times as possible.

From second to third the players should use the “hop/skip.” Players should skip and kick up their knees one leg at a time. As they kick-up their knee they should also bring-up their arm on the same side. For example, as they kick-up their right knee they should be bringing up their right arm.

From third to home the player should sprint as fast as possible.

This drill takes a lot of energy if it is run correctly.

Coaching Points:

The coach should make sure that each player is performing each part of the drill correctly. Again, the only part of the drill that should be fast is from third to home. The coach should tell the players to keep the same space at all times. Then the coach can make sure that the first player is going the proper speed and this will ensure that all the other players are doing it correctly.

Wednesday, February 10, 2010

Interesting Baseball Lingo: Just When you Thought You Knew Everything

ACE A team's best starting pitcher.


ALLEY The section of the outfield between the outfielders. Also called gap.

AROUND THE HORN A double play going from third base to second base to first base.

ASSIST Help from a fielder in putting an offensive player out. A fielder is credited with an assist when he throws a baserunner or hitter out at a base.

AT BAT The offensive team’s turn to bat the ball and score. Each player takes a turn at bat until three outs are made. Each Batter’s opportunity at the plate is scored as an "at bat" for him

BACKDOOR SLIDER A pitch that appears to be out of the strike zone, but then breaks over the plate.

BACKSTOP Fence or wall behind home plate.

BAG A base.

BALK (Call of Umpire) Penalty for an illegal movement by the pitcher. The rule is designed to prevent pitchers from deliberately deceiving the runners. If called, baserunners advance one base.

BALL(Call of Umpire) A pitch outside the strike zone.

BALTIMORE CHOP A ground ball that hits in front of home plate (or off of it) and takes a large hop over the infielder's head.

BASE One of four stations to be reached in turn by the runner.

BASEBALL The baseball’s core is made of rubber and cork. Yarn is wound around the rubber and cork centre. Then 2 strips of white cowhide are sewn around the ball. Official baseballs must weigh 5 to 5 1/4 ounces and be 9 to 9 1/4 inches around.

BASE HIT A play in which the batter hits the ball in fair territory and reaches at least first base before being thrown out.

BASE ON BALLS (Walk) Four balls and the hitter advances to first base.

BASE COACH A coach who stands by first or third base. The base coaches instruct the batter and base runners with a series of hand signals.

BASE LINE The white chalk lines that extend from home plate through first and third base to the outfield and up the foul poles, inside which a batted ball is in fair territory and outside of which it is in foul territory.

BASES EMPTY No runner on the bases.

BASES LOADED Runners at each base.

BAT Instrument used by the hitter while batting. In the ABL bats made of aluminium or wood. The bat must be no longer than 42 inches and no wider then 2 3/4 inches. Players are allowed to cover the first 8 inches of the bat’s handle so they can grip it better.

BATTER An offensive player who takes his position in the batter’s box.

BATTER’S BOX An area marked by white chalk lines on the left and right side of home plate in which a player must stand while batting.

BATTERY Term referring to the pitcher and catcher combination.

BATTING ORDER The offensive line-up of a team that lists the player will bat. The batting order is given to the umpire before each game.

BOX SCORE The progression of the game as written in a series of boxes indicating hits, runs, errors and player substitutions of each inning played.

BREAKING BALL An off-speed pitch that curves.

BRONX CHEER When the crowd boos.

BRUSHBACK A pitch that nearly hits the batter.

BULLPEN Area designated for pitchers to warm-up. Generally consists of two mounds and two home plates.

BUNT Short hit that is executed by letting the ball hit the bat (not swinging). Used to surprise the fielders or to advance a runner.

CALLED GAME A game suspended or ended by the umpire.

CAN OF CORN An easy catch by the fielder.

CAUGHT LOOKING When a batter is called out on strikes.

CATCHER Player positioned behind home plate and responsible for receiving the pitch from the pitcher.

CATCHER’S BOX Area behind home plate in which the catcher must stand until the pitcher delivers the ball.

CELLAR A team in last place.

CHANGE UP A slow-pitch thrown with the exact arm action as a fastball, designed to disrupt the timing of the hitter.

CHECKED SWING A partial swing. If the swing has gone more than halfway around, the umpire can rule it a full swing, or strike.

CHEESE A good fastball.

CHIN MUSIC A pitch that is high and inside.

CHOKE-UP Gripping the bat up on the handle away from the knob of the bat.

CIRCUS CATCH An outstanding catch by a fielder.

CLEAN-UP HITTER Player who hits fourth in the batting order.

CLOSER Relief pitcher who specialises in pitching the last few outs of a game. General used to hold a lead in the late innings of a game.

COMPLETE GAME Statistical credit to a starting pitcher for pitching the entire game.

COUNT The number of called balls and strikes on a hitter.

CURVE Pitch that moves down, across, or down and across, depending upon the rotation of the ball.

CUTTER (CUT FASTBALL) A fastball with a late break on it.

CYCLE Whsn a batter hits a single, double, triple and homerun in the same game.

DESIGNATED HITTER Player who bats in the pitcher’s spot in the line-up. The DH does not have a fielding position.

DIAMOND The infield playing surface.

DINGER A homerun.

DONUT Circular shaped weight that slides over the bat. The weight is used when a player is loosening up in the one deck circle.

DOUBLE A hit that enables a batter to reach second base.

DOUBLEHEADER Two games played back to back by the same teams.

DOUBLE PLAY Any defensive play that results in two base runners being called out.

DUGOUT Enclosed seating facility reserved for players, substitutes, coaches and other uniformed team members.

EARNED RUN A run scored on a hit, walk or steal, without benefit from a defensive error on the play.

ERROR Defensive mistake that allows a batter to stay at the plate or reach first base, or that advances a base runner.

FAST BALL A straight pitch thrown by the pitcher as hard as possible.

FAIR TERRITORY Part of the playing field within, and including the first base and third base lines, from home base to the bottom of the playing field fence and perpendicular upwards. All foul lines are in the fair territory.

FIELDER’S CHOICE Term used when a fielder can chose among base runners or throw or tag out.

FIREMAN A team's closer.

FLY BALL Batted ball that goes high in the air in flights.

FORCE OUT An out created when a runner is forced to advance because there is another runner behind them, although they will be thrown or tagged out. The defensive player needs only to touch the base being approached by the runner with the ball in hand to record the out.

FORKBALL A pitch thrown by placing the ball between the first two fingers, usually resulting in a sinking ball.

FOUL BALL A ball that lands outside the first or third base foul lines.

FOUL LINE Lines extending from home plate through 1st and 3rd base to the outfield fence and perpendicularly upwards. These lines are considered in play.

FOUL TERRITORY Part of the playing field outside the first and third base lines extended to the fence and perpendicularly upwards.

FUNGO A ball hit to a fielder during practice.

FUNGO BAT Bat used to hit fungo. Usually longer and thinner than a regular back.

GAP The section of the outfield between the outfielders. Also called alley.

GOPHER A ball hit for a homerun.

GRAND SLAM A home run that is hit with a runner on every base. This hit scores 4 runs.

GREEN LIGHT Signal from the coach to hit the next good pitch, or a signal to a base runner that gives the runner the authority to decide when to attempt a steal.

GROUNDER A ground ball.

GROUND BALL A ball hit in the infield by the batter that bounces in the infield.

HEAT (HEATER) A good fastball.

HIT A play in which the batter safely reaches a base after hitting the ball, without aid from a fielding error or fielder’s choice.

HIT AND RUN Play-action situation in which the batter must swing at the pitch while the base runner attempts to steal the base.

HOME PLATE The fourth station to be reached by the runner. The offensive team is credited with one run every time a player safely crosses this base. A pitched ball must cross the plate when thrown by the pitchers to be credited as a strike on the batter.

HOME RUN A ball hit out of the playing field in fair territory. A home run scores the batter and any base runners.

HOT CORNER Third base.

INFIELD Area 90’ square with the corners being the four bases.

INFIELDER Fielder who occupies a position in the infield. Most commonly refers to the first baseman, second baseman, third baseman, and shortstop.

INNING A period of play. There are 9 innings in a regulation game, each team bats in an inning until they record 3 outs. The visiting team always bats in the top half (beginning) of an inning. If the home team has a higher total after their opponents bat in the top half of the last schedule inning, the bottom half of the inning is not played and the score is final. A tie at the end of regulation play forces extra innings. The game continues until an inning is complete and the visitors have a higher score, or until the home team breaks the tie (then) they don’t complete the 3 outs.

INTENTIONAL WALK Four balls thrown on purpose to a batter advancing the hitter to first base. Generally, executed when 1st base is empty to set-up a force play.

KNUCKLE BALL A pitch thrown by gripping one of the seams on a ball with fingernails and/or knuckles of the forefinger and middle finger with the thumb another fingers underneath the ball. The ball is pushed out of the hand by the two fingers to keep the ball from rotating, causing the ball to move in an unpredictable manner.

LEFT ON BASE Runners stranded on base after three outs.

LINE DRIVE A ball hit in the air at a low projectory directly to a fielder or through the infield.

LINE-UP A team’s batting order and fielding positions

MENDOZA LINE A batting average of around .200. Named after Pirate shortstop Mario Mendoza.

MOUND Hill the pitcher stands on while pitching.

NO HITTER A game in which a pitcher does not allow the opposing team to reach a base via a safe hit.

ON DECK A term used to refer to the next batter up in the inning. This person stands in a designated circular area and warms up before batting.

OUT IN ORDER Retiring the first 3 batters in an inning.

OUTFIELD Area between the back edge of the infield and home run fence.

OUTFIELDER A fielder who occupies a position in the outfield, which is the playing field most distance from home base.

PASSED BALL A pitched ball missed by the catcher, allowing a runner to advance.

PERFECT GAME A game in which a pitcher does not allow any batter of the opposing team to reach base.

PICK OFF An attempt by the pitcher to get a base runner out by throwing to the base from the stretch position.

PINCH HITTER A hitter who substitutes in the line-up for a starting player. The original batter can’t return to the game, so the pinch hitter or a third person takes over the defensive position as well.

PINCH RUNNER A player entering the game to run for someone already on base.

PITCHOUT When a pitch is thrown wide of the strike zone on purpose. A catcher will signal for a pitchout if they think that a runner is trying to steal.

PITCHING ROTATION The order in which the starting pitchers take turns starting games, usually with three or four days rest between starts.

PULL HITTER A batter that generally hits to the same side of the field that he bats. (eg, righthanded pull hitter hits to the left side of the field).

PUTOUT In scoring, a fielder is credited with a putout if he receives the ball to put out a baserunner or a hitter.

RELIEF PITCHER The pitcher replacing the starting pitcher. The relief pitcher can win, lose, save, or not be involved in the game’s final score.

RUBBER A the pitching plate on the mound. The pitcher must have one foot connected to the plate while pitching to the batter. The rubber is located 60’ 6" (19.5 meters) from home plate.

RUN Score obtained when a base runner safely crosses home plate.

RUN DOWN A played used by fielders to tag out a runner caught between bases.

RUN BATTER IN (RBI) Statistics which shows how often a player has made it possible for his/her team mates to score while at bat. A player who has 30 RBI’s has caused 30 runs to be score. A batter is not credited with an RBI if he hits into a double play or if the run is scored because of an error.

RUNNER An offensive player who is advancing toward, touching, or returning to any base.

SACRIFICE BUNT A bunt designed to advance a runner although the batter will be thrown out.

SACRIFICE FLY Fly ball out that scores a runner from third base.

SAFE Declaration by the umpire that a runner is entitled to the bases for which he was trying.

SAVE A relief pitcher can be credited with a save if they can keep the team’s lead while the opponent’s tying or winning runs are on base, or if they pitch 3 or more innings without allowing the opponents to tie the game.

SCORING POSITION Runner on second or third base.

SHORTSTOP Defensive player positioned between second and third bases.

SHUT OUT A game in which one team doesn’t score any runs.

SIGNS 1. Player signals given from the third base coach to the hitter and runner. 2. Hand signals given by the catcher to the pitcher suggesting the type of pitch to be thrown.

SINKER A fast pitch that breaks downward as it reaches.

SLIDER A pitcher that appears to the batter as a fastball until it reaches the plate, then breaks sharply on a level plane. The ball is held similarly to the curveball, but the wrist is kept straight, like a fastball, and broken downward.

SPIT BALL Illegal pitch which a foreign substance (most commonly spit or grease) is applied to the ball causing it to react in an unpredictable manner.

STARTER The pitcher who beings the game and pitches until he wins the game or is replaced by a relief pitcher.

STEAL Attempting to advance a base between pitches without the batter hitting the ball or getting a base on balls.

STOLEN BASE Successfully advancing a base between pitches without the batter hitting the ball or getting a base on balls.

STRIKE A strike is called if a batter swings at a pitch and misses, or if the pitch simply passes through the strike zone. The first 2 foul balls that are not caught count as first and second strike. A foul ball that is not caught can never be counted as a third strike.

STRIKE OUT Out recorded by recording three strikes on the batter.

STRIKE ZONE The area over home plate between the batter’s armpits and knees when the batter is positioned to swing. Any pitch that is delivered through this area is called a strike.

SUICIDE SQUEEZE PLAY A play in which a runner on third breaks toward home on the pitch and the batter’s responsibility is to bunt the ball allowing the runner to score.

SWITCH-HITTER Player who is able to bat left-handed or right-handed. A switch-hitter will bat from the opposite side in which the pitchers throws.

TAG 1. An action runners must perform before they can advance on a fly ball. Runners must touch the base they occupy after the ball is caught before they can try to advance. Runners can leave their base before a ball it hit, but must return and touch the base if the ball is caught. 2. An action executed when a defensive player touches a runner with the ball in an attempt to get them out.

TATER A homerun.

TEXAS LEAGUER A bloop hit that drops between the infielder and outfielder.

TRIPLE A hit enabling the batter to safely reach third base.

TRIPLE PLAY A defensive play that records 3 outs.

TWO BASE HIT A hit enabling the batter to safely reach second base. Also called a double.

UNCLE CHARLIE A curve ball

UTILITY PLAYER A player who fills in in many positions.

WALK An award given to the batter after the pitcher delivers 4 balls. If a hitter receives 4 balls during an at bat, they automatically advance to first base. Any forced base runners also advance. Also called base on balls.

WHEELHOUSE A hitters power zone.

WHIFF A strike out.

WILD PITCH A pitch so far from the strike zone that the catcher cannot catch or block it, permitting any base runner to advance a base.

YAKKER A curve ball.

Age-Specific Goals

There are certain Age-Specific Goals that should be attained in all the ballplayers.  Since, I am currently working with 9-11 year olds, I will highlight these goals.  The goals for children that are earlier than 9 years or older than 11 years will certainly need to be modified from these list of goals.  Remember, all children have to be approached in an individual manner.

Goals for the 9-11 year olds:
  1. Learn basic rules such as force outs, tagging up, ball and strikes, infield fly rule, balks, and stealing home
  2. Throwing mechanics- four seam grip, point front shoulder, generating momentum toward the target and follow through
  3. Catching and fielding mechanics- thrown and hit balls, fingers up versus down, coordination of glove and hands, two hands versus one, forehands and backhands, underhand flip, first base fundamentals, crossover and drop steps.
  4. Hitting- choosing the right bat, proper grip, footwork, load, weight transfer, hitting pitched balls, drill work (stickball, soft toss, tee, batting machine, short toss, hitting ball where it is pitched), repetitions and bunting
  5. Positional play including covering the nearest base when the ball is not hit to you, cut-offs and relays
  6. Baserunning-steals, extra-base hits and sliding properly
  7. Pitching and throwing mechanics- wind-up versus stretching, covering first base and backing up third base or home plate on relay throws
  8. Team fundamentals- good positive attitude, defensive play, situational readiness, communication and priorities

Tuesday, February 9, 2010

Realities of Coaching..and being a Parent

Coaching youth athletics is an amazingly rewarding experience as well as a frustrating one.  And it becomes even more challenging when one of the ball players is your own son.  We can speak to that challenge in a later post.  But the rewards far outweigh the downsides when you see a child's smile or the sounds of laughter.  This is the proverbial light at the end of the tunnel as to why we endure.

Along the way, there are numerous hurdles and experiences that often make you wonder if you made the right choice to go down this path such as parental interactions and pressure to win or have their child play certain positions, difficulties with balancing family life and your professional career, keeping the children happy and engaged, etc.  These realities, paired with the lack of good resources for parents on the game of baseball and its mechanics, cause the sport of baseball to lose many talented coaches, managers and interested volunteers.  Parents who have an interest just throw their hands up and move in another direction.  I can understand why.  This is why I have made a decision to write about my experiences growing up avidly playing the game of baseball, being taught by some seriously wonderful coache and attempting to transfer the knowledge I acquired to today's children and their parents.  My goal is not only to assist the children but to help out the parents.  If I can improve the game of one child or influence parenting skills to these young athletes, I will feel successful in my role as a coach and as a fellow parent.

Monday, February 8, 2010

General Hitting Philosophy

There are five (5) basic elements to solid hitting:
  1. the longer a hitter can wait, the better a hitter they will become
  2. Line drives and grounders are more likely to win games (statistics say so)
  3. The hitter must have a plan at the plate
  4. The hitter should understand patience, persistence and poise
  5. drills and fundamental mechanics are important- work on them often
the longer a hitter can wait, the better a hitter they will become


Most problems in hitting are caused by starting the swing too early before getting a good read on the ball.  It is paramount to identify the pitch and location before commiting to a forward movement of the swing.  The added challenge is to perform these acts in less than 1 second.  An pitched ball traveling at 80mph takes approximately 0.4 seconds to travel to home plate (60 feet, 6 inches).  The hitter has 0.2 seconds to read the pitch properly and anoth  0.2 seconds to swing and deliver the blow.

In order to accomplish this and be successful, the hitter must develop a short, compact stroke and keep his power base intact throughout the swing.  The hitter must adhere to the rule of transferring weight from back to middle, not from back to front.
Line drives and grounders are more likely to win games (statistics say so)

A large percentage of games are won by the team with the highest on-base average rather than the team with the highest slugging percentage.  It is simply easier to catch a fly ball than it is to stop a ground ball, throw it accurately to a base and have a teammate catch it.  Likewise, line drives are harder to catch than fly balls.
The hitter must have a plan at the plate

Hitters should normally 1) hit the inside pitch to the pull side; 2) hit the outside pitch to the opposite side; and 3) hit the pitch down the middle of the strike zone to the middle of the field.  Successful hitters rarely deviate from thiese guidelines.

Successful hitting requires aggressiveness.  The hitter must be prepared to respond aggresssively to the pitcher's action and it may help overcome any weaknesses in the swing.

Thinking, rehearsing it mentally and having a high percentage plan is critical.
The hitter should understand patience, persistence and poise

The 3 P's (patience, persistence and poise) are present in all good hitters.  The hitter must learn all elements of the swing and can't learn and excel at them at all the sam etime.  It takes practice.  Patience and persistence must prevail.

Persistence has a more aggressive tone than patience.  If a player wants to become a good hitter, they must work harder than most others do.  Find additional activities and time to get more swings in at practice.

Poise is resiliency.  Hitting is one of the few activities where the standard of 3 hits out each 10 at bats is excellence.  In another words, a good hitter will fail 70% of the time in getting a hit and getting on base.  But a good hitter with poise will have a positive attitude and believe that they will get a hit, especially when it really counts with players in scoring position.
drills and fundamental mechanics are important- work on them often
 
Achievement in all areas of expertise requires learning fundamental principles and skills.  Fundamental must be taught and learned.  It helps to break down the fundamentals into smaller units and then placed back together again and repeated often.  Repitition is the Father of Learning.

Sunday, February 7, 2010

Teaching the Skills of Hitting

Hitting is an art and not all hitters are alike.  The coach must be willing to allow the hitter to find his swing.  The coach's goal is to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the hitter's mechanics and increase the competencies.

A foundation for improvement is positive reinforcement.  It comes in the form of praise and encouragement.  As a manager and coach, you need to be aware of the power of positive feedback along with the dangers of trying to motivate others or change behavior with the use of criticism, sarcasm or indifference. Positive reinforcement has been proved by numerous studies to be the best method of getting your point across to others, especially youth.

As coaches, we have a unique opportunity to enhance a youth's self-image by encouraging them to believe they can achieve a higher level.  If a player feels good about themselve, they will achieve at a higher rate.

Pepper Drill

The Pepper Game for fielding is my favorite and most memorable childhood activity.  This is a great drill to build hand-eye coordination, quick reaction and to teach older players the value of knocking the ball down at all costs.

Have one or two groups set up with 5 or 7 players in a line facing the coach. Gloves on and players are spread out about 10 to 15 feet apart. One player should be snagging balls for the coach.

The coach will be about 15 feet away from the player and will begin by hit grounders and line drives to the players. He or she does this in random order – the players do not know where the ball is going to be hit. They need to react quickly and then throw the ball to the coach. The coach will hit the ball as quickly as he can to the different players. Players are given pushups for missing balls or making errant throws.  At the end, the players must complete their pushups.  Substitute the coach with players.  Teach players to choke up on the bat when swinging.

Coach's Point:

The focus should be on: reading, reacting, and making a good throw to person collecting balls for the coach. The players must also communicate with one another so there is no problem with collisions on the field. This happens in baseball and can be eliminated if players talk to each other while on the field.

From a hittin gperspective, this drill allows the batter to work on control, bat speed and making consistent contact.

Hit the Relay Drill

You should have a second baseman, shortstop and a third baseman in the infield, along with a right fielder. A base runner will occupy second base during this drill.

How the drill works: At first, the coach can simply give the ball to the right fielder and then signal for the play to begin. This takes the element of trying to focus on catching the ball out of the equation until the player understands the concept of hitting the cut off man. The right fielder should be playing the ball to the cut off man (second baseman) and then the second baseman to the third baseman to try to get the tag out.

This drill can also be run with a left fielder and a base runner on third base. Then the drill would be from the left field to the shortstop and then to home plate. Further, you can add the extra element of catching the ball once the players understand the importance of hitting the cut off man.

Free Range Drill to Work on Fielding Range (Infield or Outfiled)

Range Drill


  • 1 line at first base
  • 1 line at third base
  • 1 coach with bucket of balls at home
  • 1 coach with bucket of balls at 2nd

 Players at 1st run toward 2nd and players at 3rd run toward home. Coach at home hits ball into 2nd base gap for the player at first base – they must run and field the ball. Start with balls close to them and then extend the range. Depending on age and skill level get them to the point of diving for the ball. The player fields the ball and puts it in the bucket of the coach who is at second base. Then they run to the end of the line at 3rd base. While this is going on the coach at 2nd base hits a ball for the player on third – same thing. Start close and then work on their range and extending them. They field the ball and put it in the bucket of the coach who is at home. Then they run to the end of the line at 1st base.

After you go through some series of fielding switch where the coaches hit to and where the players run to so you work their range to the other side. Coach at home hits towards second base and players at 3rd run towards 2nd – coach at 2nd hits towards home and players at 1st run towards home.

Drill to Focus on Leader Runner in Double Play

  • 3b-2b: half at 3rd, half playing 2nd. Ground ball to 3rd base, throw to 2nd. 2nd basemen move to end of line at 3rd, vice versa.
  • SS-2b: half at ss, half playing 2nd base. Ground ball to SS, throw to 2nd. Same movement of players.
  • 2b-SS: Same placement of players as above. Ground ball to 2B, throw to 2nd base.
  • SS-2B or 2B-SS: same placement before the play and same movement after the play, but now: hit either to 2nd baseman or SS; other one covers bag.

Infield Drill to Build Speed and Quickness

Team of 10-12 players

  • Line up 2 players at 1st, 2 at 2nd, and the rest at third. The coach hits a ground ball from home plate to the first person in line at third, that player throws to second and then runs as hard as he or she can to second and gets in line. The player at second throw to 1st and then runs to first as fast as they can go and gets in line there. The player at first throws to home and then runs around the outside of home plate as fast as they can go and gets in line behind third.
  • Repeat this for ground balls and then do popups.
Simple fast paced conditioning drill to get them moving. The coach can hit and catch the balls at home or alternate players to hit and catch.

Saturday, February 6, 2010

Baseball Hitting and Physics

The best players make it look easy, but hitting a baseball is one of the hardest feats in modern sports. Learn more about the physics of baseball in this video.  Good thing I have a Ph.D. in Physics!  This helps explain my successes on the field.

http://science.howstuffworks.com/baseball-player-physics.htm

Fundamental Aspects of the Game

Two of my favorite sayings or teaching moments:

"Become a student of the game. There is always more to learn."

"Teach basic baseball mechanics every practice.  I am a firm believer in preparation and working at basic skills.  If you do, winning will take care of itself."

Philosophy on Training the Youth Ballplayer to Play Multiple Positions

I believe it's the job of the youth Coach and Manager to allow players to play multiple positions and to provide the baseball instruction necessary to play those positions. Most young players that have to play in the outfield all year long are going to get bored. With all we are going to discuss about keeping focused and motivating the players, it will be impossible to accomplish if a player only sees the outfield grass during a season. Outfielders need to field ground balls and infielders need to catch fly balls. All players have to throw and catch. We will try to develop all players to play in the infield and outfield. The baseball skills they learn in each area will help them to become a more complete player. They are too young to have a coach determine where they should or will end up playing when they are older.

Conditioning the Youth Ballplayer

When we undertake a conditioning program for the ball players, we must train our boys to be sprinters not distance runners. If we are training for distance, the speed of the run is typically going to be at a slower speed, whereas if we are focusing on our sprinting, we will be training at a higher speed. Our bodies will adapt to the type of training we give them.



Since baseball is a game of quick bursts on the base path, while chasing down fly balls, while swinging, and pitching, we must work to replicate that action.


The only distance many experts recommend a ballplayer do would be early in the year on standard exercise equipment such as a bike or elliptical just so they are able to build an aerobic base and establish basic conditioning levels. As the season approaches, that method will slowly change to high intensity intervals and sprints allowing maximal effort for short bursts with a full recovery, allowing the heart rate to get back down to just above resting.